| Slide 12 - Left - Average nominal electricity end-used price evolution for industrial sector, EU - US, 2015-2025 (EUR/MWh) |
Slide 12 - Left |
ACER calculations based on Eurostat data for the EU (nrg_pc_205), U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) data for the US, IEA data for China. Average yearly exchange rate taken from the European Central Bank. |
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| Slide 12 - Right - Nominal electricity end-user prices for the industrial sector in selected regions |
Slide 12 - Right |
ACER calculations based on Eurostat data for the EU (nrg_pc_205), U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) data for the US, IEA data for China. Average yearly exchange rate taken from the European Central Bank. |
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| Slide 13 - Left - Gas supply and demand, main sources, 2025 (TWh) |
Slide 13 - Left |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E Transparency Platform, EIA, ENTSOG, GIE, ICIS and EUROSTAT data (nrg_cb_gasm) |
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| Slide 13 - Right - Average wholesale prices of key international gas benchmarks in Europe, United States and Northeast Asia |
Slide 13 - Right |
ACER calculations based on Henry Hub - EIA and TTF/JKM - S&P Global. |
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| Slide 14 - Left - Estimated global supply of liquified natural gas, 2022-2025 (TWhmonth) |
Slide 14 - Left |
ACER calculations based on Gas Infrastructure Europe, S&P Global. |
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| Slide 14 - Right - Average monthly imports of LNG to EU gas networks, 2019-2025 (TWh per month) |
Slide 14 - Right |
ACER calculations based on Gas Infrastructure Europe, S&P Global. |
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| Slide 15 - Left - Changes in EU gas supply and demand, main sources, 2025 relative to 2024 (TWh) |
Slide 15 - Left |
ACER calculations based on ENTSOG, ENTSOE, GIE, ENaGaD. |
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| Slide 15 - Right - EU Gas storage levels, 2019-2025 (% of EU working gas volume) |
Slide 15 - Right |
ACER calculations based on ENTSOG, ENTSOE, GIE, ENaGaD and EUROSTAT data (nrg_cb_gasm). |
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| Slide 16 - Left - Monthly average day-ahead electricity prices during peak load in Europe, United States and Japan – 2020-2025 (EUR/MWh) |
Slide 16 - Left |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E Transparency Platform, EIA and Japan Electric Power Exchange. |
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| Slide 16 - Right - Average day-ahead electricity prices during peak load for selected area in Europe, United States and Asia, 2025 (EUR/MWh) |
Slide 16 - Right |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E Transparency Platform, EIA and Japan Electric Power Exchange. |
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| Slide 17 - Electricity generation per type in Europe, United States and Asia – 2025 (%) |
Slide 17 |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E Transparency Platform for Europe and EMBER for United States and Asia data. |
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| Slide 18 - Total goods trade exchanges among the US, China and EU (billion euros), 2024 |
Slide 18 |
EU imports of energy products - latest developments, International trade in products related to green energy and Eurostat data (ds-045409). |
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| Slide 20 - Left - Electricity prices - household consumers |
Slide 20 - Left |
ACER calculations based on Eurostat data (nrg_pc_204_c, nrg_pc_205_c, nrg_pc_202_c, nrg_pc_203_c). |
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| Slide 20 - Right - Gas prices - household consumers |
Slide 20 - Right |
ACER calculations based on Eurostat data (nrg_pc_204_c, nrg_pc_205_c, nrg_pc_202_c, nrg_pc_203_c). |
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| Slide 21 - Left - Electricity prices - Industry consumers |
Slide 21 - Left |
ACER calculations based on Eurostat data (nrg_pc_204_c, nrg_pc_205_c, nrg_pc_202_c, nrg_pc_203_c). |
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| Slide 21 - Right - Gas prices - Industry consumers |
Slide 21 - Right |
ACER calculations based on Eurostat data (nrg_pc_204_c, nrg_pc_205_c, nrg_pc_202_c, nrg_pc_203_c). |
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| Slide 22 - Electrification of final energy use and energy supply balance, EU-27, 2024 (TWh) |
Slide 22 |
ACER calculations based on Eurostat data (nrg_bal_c). |
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| Slide 22 - Primary energy supply by source, EU-27, 2024 (TWh) |
Slide 22 |
ACER calculations based on Eurostat data (nrg_bal_c). |
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| Slide 24 - Change of installed capacity per type in the EU-27 - EEA(Norway), 2020-2025 (GW) |
Slide 24 |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E Transparency Platform. |
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| Slide 25 - Left - Evolution of generation per type in the EU27-EEA - 2020-2025 |
Slide 25 - Left |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E Transparency Platform. |
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| Slide 25 - Right - Year on year changes for the main generation technologies - EU27 EEA (TWh) |
Slide 25 - Right |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E Transparency Platform. |
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| Slide 26 - Right - Average load before and during heatwaves and cold spells, EU-27 EEA(Norway), 2025 |
Slide 26 - Right |
ACER calculations based on Copernicus, ERA5 data and ENTSO-E transparency platform. |
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| Slide 27 - Left - Average hourly day-ahead price and solar generation, EU-27 EEA – 2020-2025 |
Slide 27 - Left |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E Transparency Platform. |
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| Slide 27 - Right - Percentage of hours , EU-27 EEA(Norway),2020-2025 |
Slide 27 - Right |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E Transparency Platform. |
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| Slide 28 - Left - Average of daily minimum and maximum day-ahead prices across bidding zones |
Slide 28 - Left |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E Transparency Platform. |
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| Slide 28 - Right - Average minimum and maximum day-ahead price for each bidding zone |
Slide 28 - Right |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E Transparency Platform. |
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| Slide 30 - Share of electricity generation from fossil fuel, EU27 EEA(Norway), 2025 and variation from 2024 |
Slide 30 |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E Transparency Platform. |
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| Slide 31 - Left - Average gas-fired electricity generation, EU-27 EEA(Norway), 2019-2025 (MWh) |
Slide 31 - Left |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E transparency platform. |
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| Slide 31 - Right - Standard deviation of daily gas-fired electricity generation for each month, EU-27 EEA(Norway), 2019 – 2025 (MWh) |
Slide 31 - Right |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E transparency platform. |
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| Slide 32 - Left - Annual daily average of gas-fired power plants generation units' start-ups, EU-27 2019 – 2025 |
Slide 32 - Left |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E Transparency Platform performed for MSs where generation unit level data is available for gas-fired power plants. |
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| Slide 32 - Right - Ratio of number of running hours of gas-fired power plants generation units per start-up, EU-27 2019 – 2025 |
Slide 32 - Right |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E Transparency Platform performed for MSs where generation unit level data is available for gas-fired power plants. |
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| Slide 33 - Average carbon intensity and day-ahead prices with fossil fuel share in the generation mix – EU-27 and Norway |
Slide 33 |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E Transparency Platform and EMBER. |
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| Slide 35 - Evolution of month-ahead electricity and natural gas prices and implied gas generation costs-2025 (EUR/MWh) |
Slide 35 |
ACER based on ICIS, EEX and ICE data. |
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| Slide 36 - Left - Annual average of the daily price spread per Member State in major gas hubs – 2024 (EUR/MWh) |
Slide 36 - Left |
ACER calculations based on ICIS data. |
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| Slide 36 - Right - Annual average of the daily price spread per Member State in major gas hubs – 2025 (EUR/MWh) |
Slide 36 - Right |
ACER calculations based on ICIS data. |
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| Slide 37 - Left - Share of trading days with ‘large’ day-ahead price changes, NL-TTF – 2018-2025 (%) |
Slide 37 - Left |
ACER calculations based on ICIS data. |
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| Slide 37 - Right - Day-on-day price change, day-ahead product, NL-TTF - 2023–2025 (EUR/MWh) |
Slide 37 - Right |
ACER calculations based on ICIS data. |
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| Slide 39 - Generation mix per production type, load and day-ahead price in Germany, 1 May 2025 |
Slide 39 |
ACER calculation based on ENTSO-E transparency platform data. |
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| Slide 43 - Percentage of hours where prices are below 0 and share of solar and wind generation |
Slide 43 |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E Transparency Platform data. |
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| Slide 44 - Left - Percentage of hours of prices above 150 EURMWh |
Slide 44 - Left |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E Transparency Platform data. |
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| Slide 44 - Right - Percentage of hours of negative prices |
Slide 44 - Right |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E Transparency Platform data. |
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| Slide 45 - Average value of electricity by production type in the EU-27 EEA(Norway),2020 vs 2025 (EUR MWh) |
Slide 45 |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E transparency platform. |
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| Slide 46 - Historical gas consumption in the EU and projected gas consumption |
Slide 46 |
ACER calculations based on Eurostat and European Commission’s documents. |
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| Slide 48 - Left - Grid costs rises needed to back EU energy system electrification |
Slide 48 - Left |
ACER based on ENTSOG, PRISMA, GSA and RBP. |
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| Slide 48 - Right - Gas tariff rises can impact hub convergence and decrease gas use |
Slide 48 - Right |
ACER based on ENTSOG, PRISMA, GSA and RBP. |
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