| Average daily price as a function of the share of solar and wind generation in the EU, 2024 |
Figure 8 (left) |
ACER elaboration based on ENTSO-E transparency platform data |
|
| Average price spread per border, for the day-ahead and IDAs, Core CCR, 2024 since IDA go-live. (EUR/MWh |
Figure 25 |
ACER calculations based on data from the JAO Publication Tool. |
|
| Average solar and wind installed capacity in the EU, 2021-2024 (GW) |
Figure 8 (right) |
ACER elaboration based on ENTSO-E transparency platform data |
|
| Breakdown of spread for Core borders in 2024 after the IDA go-live, per product (%) |
Figure 24 |
ACER calculations based on JAO data |
|
| Breakdown of time to delivery for volumes traded in the continuous intraday market, EU-27, 2022-2024 (%) |
Figure 19 |
ACER calculations based on data from NEMOs. |
|
| Churn factors in a selection of European forward markets by type of OMP, 2020-2024 |
Figure 2 |
ACER calculations based on REMIT data |
|
| Comparison of average prices for balancing energy from aFRR before and after connection to Picasso for Belgium, France and the Netherlands – January 2024 – September 2025, (EUR/MWh) |
Figure 39 |
ACER calculation based on data from ELIA, RTE and TenneT Netherlands |
|
| Comparison of direction of price spreads between balancing capacity markets and day-ahead markets and comparison of the absolute prices spreads between markets, for cases where the direction of price spreads is not opposite, 2024 (%) |
Figure 42 |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E transparency platform data. |
|
| Correlation of wind speeds in selected areas of the EU and Norway |
Figure 12 (right) |
ACER elaboration based on Copernicus data – ERA5 |
|
| Cost of procuring different volumes with ATC and flow-based allocation, Czechia, 23 January 2025 01:00-02:00 (EUR) |
Figure 29 |
ACER calculations based on data from the JAO Publication Tool. |
|
| Daily average wind speed, 2024 (m/s) |
Figure 12 (left) |
ACER elaboration based on Copernicus data – ERA5 |
|
| Distribution of prices for activated balancing energy on Picasso, including both positive and negative balancing energy, 2024 |
Figure 32 |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E transparency platform data. |
|
| Evolution of intraday traded volumes in the continuous market by domestic versus cross-zonal trade, EU, 2021-2024 (TWh) |
Figure 18 |
ACER calculations based on data from NEMOs |
|
| Evolution of the PPA market: annual contracted capacity by renewable technology (GW) |
Figure 4 |
ACER calculations based on data from RE-Source |
|
| Evolution of traded volumes in intraday timeframe per product per month, EU (MWh). |
Figure 22 |
ACER calculations based on REMIT data. |
|
| Greek average aggregated demand and supply curves under different market conditions |
Figure 15 |
ACER |
|
| Greek day-ahead actual demand, actual supply, and counterfactual supply curves, 4 September 2024 at 20:00 – Extreme scenario |
Figure 16 |
ACER |
|
| Impact of renewable forecast errors on intraday prices, Germany, 2024, price spread (EUR), forecast error (%) |
Figure 21 |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E transparency platform data and data from NEMOs |
|
| Intraday Churn factors per country |
Figure 46 |
ACER calculations based on REMIT data and ENTSO-E Transparency Platform. |
|
| Net positions and prices for ATC (left) and flow-based (right) allocation, Core CCR, 23 January 2025 01:00-02:00, (MW and EUR) |
Figure 30 |
ACER calculations based on data from the JAO Publication Tool |
|
| Reduction in offered capacity of French nuclear power plants on 1 July 2025 (% and °C) |
Figure 11 (left) |
ACER elaboration based on ENTSO – E transparency platform data and Copernicus data – ERA5 |
|
| Relative shares of traded volume for yearly products by delivery year in Germany, 2020-2024 (%) |
Figure 3 |
ACER calculations based on REMIT data |
|
| Share of optimisation cycles with price incidents before (1 January 2024 – 4 August 2024) and after the amendment, but before further TSOs joined (6 August – 10 October 2024) (%) |
Figure 34 |
ACER calculations based on TransnetBW data on Picasso |
|
| Share of optimisation cycles with price incidents before and after the amendment, January 2024-September 2025 (%) |
Figure 33 |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E transparency platform data |
|
| Share of optimisation cycles with price incidents in Czechia before and after Slovakia joined – 2024 (with Slovakia joining on 5 November 2024) (%) |
Figure 37 |
ACER calculations based on TransnetBW data on Picasso |
|
| Share of optimisation cycles with prices incidents 40 days before and after the introduction of elastic demand (on 9 August 2025) in Austria (%) |
Figure 36 |
ACER calculations based on TransnetBW data on PICASSO |
|
| Share of optimisation cycles with prices incidents for newly connected TSOs - 2024 (%) |
Figure 38 |
ACER calculations based on TransnetBW data on PICASSO |
|
| Share of price spread per border is <1 EUR/MWh, < 10 EUR/MWh or > 10 EUR/MWh – 2024 (%) |
Figure 44 |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E transparency platform data |
|
| Share of price spreads that are higher in the balancing capacity market than in day-ahead, vice versa or when they are the same per border for all cases where the price spread is not in opposite directions, 2024 (%) |
Figure 43 |
ACER calculations based on ENTSO-E transparency platform data |
|
| Share of volume traded in auctions and in continuous trading in the EU by Member State, 2024 since IDA go-live. (%) |
Figure 23 |
ACER calculations based on REMIT data |
|
| Temperature–demand relationship in Europe and selected Member States, 2024 (MW per °C) |
Figure 10 |
ACER elaboration based on ENTSO – E transparency platform data and Copernicus data – ERA5 |
|
| Volume-weighted average prices in pan-European IDAs and the continuous market, EU, 2024 (EUR/MWh) |
Figure 26 |
ACER calculations based on REMIT data |
|
| Yearly churn factors in intraday markets by type of trade, EU, 2021-2024 |
Figure 17 |
ACER calculations based on REMIT and ENTSO-E Transparency Platform data |
|